Flash bulb memory Free Essays

Critically evaluate the claim that flashbulb’ memories are qualitatively different to other memories Memory In psychology is the physical series of events within the brain that encode, store and retrieve information within the human body. When information is encoded within our memory it reaches our primary five senses and is converted into chemical and physical stimuli. This stimuli is stored in the next stage of the memory process where information if retained for potentially decades of time within us. We will write a custom essay sample on Flash bulb memory or any similar topic only for you Order Now We can retrieve this information by locating it within our subconscious. This can be effortless or difficult but this is based around the type of memory concerned. Memory itself can be broken down into three areas as shown by this image (The Human Memory 2013) Long-term memory is the area of concern as this is where the topic of Flashbulb memory and the memories that it can be qualitatively analysed with are found. Long term memory is exactly what you would expect it to be and that is the storage of information within the brain over vast periods of time which is a seemingly never ending storage system. Information decays over time as people grow old but it is in ome debate whether humans ever really forget information or it simply becomes too strenuous on the brain to recall the information in question. (The Human Memory 2013) Flashbulb memory is the main topic and is within the category of long-term memory and in its most simple form it is the memories a person forms when they witness a shocking or very significant event within the world. An example of a ‘significant event’ in the world may be the assassination of a world leader or the day you won the lottery for instance as an example of what both a shocking and a significant event may be for someone in the world. An individual after having witnessed or experienced a life altering event may experience the effects of flash bulb memory and astonishingly be able to remember an event at a very high level of detail at the moment the event took place. For example an individual may have the ability to recall where they were at the time and who they were with, perhaps what they were wearing or what emotions they were feeling throughout the event when it took place. A quick example of an event that many said to have retained a precise and accurate account of in the United States what the assassination of President John F. Kennedy even decades after it has taken place. [1] It is the first type of memory that showed the potential interaction between emotion and the cognitive process of memory itself and how they can actually be linked together. However it is still being debated whether the flash bulb memory is simply a unique or special type of memory or is it the same and Just as unreliable as other types of memory. Brown ; Kulik created and experiment in 1977 from which they became the first ambassadors of notion that that flash bulb memory was triggered by important events in an individual’s life. It was the first type of memory that showed the potential interaction between emotion and the cognitive process of memory itself and how they can actually be linked together. Brown and Kulik describe flash bulb memory as the remembrance ot extremely detailed and vivid memories which are significant to the individual concerned. They also are memories that are extremely resistant to being forgotten over large quantities of time. In the Study Brown Kulik originally carried out in 1977 the way in which many viewed how they saw light bulb memory and in essence redefined it. The aim of this study was to find out if dramatic or ndividually momentous events would cause these so called flash bulb memories’. They initially asked forty white and black American citizens if they could remember vivid imagery when they heard that a major event in the past had happened in a questionnaire format. Examples given were the assassination of John F. Kennedy or the death of Princess Diana as well as others. They then tested their initial prediction (that these influential events would have caused and now cause recollection of light bulb memory) against non-consequential more monotonous events in a person’s life. Overall it was found that flash bulb memory was more likely to be remembered of a shocking, disturbing or momentous event in a person’s life. Issues personally relevant were also likely to be remembered with flash bulb memory. (1B Psychology (Diana) 2011) It is believed by many that a flash bulb memory can be more accurate and longer lasting than alternative memory types such as Brown ; Kulik who believed flash bulb memories were long term aspects of a person’s inherent memory in which they could remember specific instances and aspects they otherwise could not, while hey did believe these memories were not always accessible by the person as they deteriorate with age. They also believed that an event remembered with flashbulb memory would depend heavily on different factors. The proximity firstly between the person impacted and the event itself would affect the memory as the closer a person was to an event the more involved and immersed they would become in the scenario. The emotion the individual felt when the scenario played out is another key factor as this emotion may be so strong it triggers a light bulb memory. The distinctiveness of he scenario is very important. Was it common place and very much familiar and the person feels like they can simply discard the event or is it so unfamiliar it is almost disturbing or creates a burning curiosity and amazement which consequently leads to a flash bulb memory. So from this information Brown Kulik clearly feel that flash bulb memories are unique themselves and have special properties which set them apart from ordinary types of memory. (Wikipedia flash bulb memory 2013) Counter arguments created by Michael McCloskey were made in which he and his fellow olleagues analysed Brown Kuliks hypothesis and results to form their own findings on the subject of flash bulb memory. Their aim was to find out whether there was really a difference between ordinary trivial memories and distinctive ‘important’ ones and whether there really is a special mechanism used for a person’s flash bulb memory. The notion that flash bulb memories are simply memories of important events in an individual’s life that are completely viable and explicable in terms of the ordinary memory and do not show the existence of a new specific and special mechanism. Michael McCloskey also writes that an event may be seen by the person as more distinctive, influential and consequentially memorable but there is not a way a ‘qualitative distinction’ can potentially be shown between memories for learning about these shocking and important instances and memories for simply learning about monotonous trivial scenarios. How to cite Flash bulb memory, Papers

Macroeconomic Gross Domestic Product of UAE

Question: Discuss about theMacroeconomic for Gross Domestic Product of UAE. Answer: UAE Economy Overview: The economy of UAE is considered as the second largest in the Arab World having GDP of $570 billion. UAE has been able to diversify its economy however; it remains to be heavily depended upon oil. It is worth mentioning that petroleum and natural gas continues to be the highest contributor in the economy. More than, 85% of the UAE economy is highly depended upon exportation of oil and overseas sales forms 77% of the UAE state budget (Banerjee Majumdar, 2014). Comparison of UAE GDP from 2006-15: The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of UAE increased by 3.45% in the year 2015, which is higher than the previous year. In addition to this, the annual GDP growth rate aggregated around 4.69 per cent from 2006 until 2015 (Tradingeconomics.com 2016). The GDP annual growth rate of UAE reached an all time high of 9.80 per cent during 2006 but also recorded a low of -5.20 per cent during 2009. Figure 1: United Arab Emirates GDP Annual Growth Rate (Source Tradingeconomics.com 2016) Service sector forms the largest sector of United Arab Emirates economy with 40 per cent of GDP. Wholesale, retail trade and repairs (12 percent GDP), transport and communication, warehousing (8 percent of GDP), real estate and business services (9 percent of GDP) forms the vital segment. Construction and electricity along with water and gas forms 13 per cent of the output whereas manufacturing contributes 8% of the GDP. Agriculture, cattle ranching and fishing contributes 1 per cent of the remaining GDP (Tradingeconomics.com 2016). UAE continues to ramp up oil production in October and attaining a new height of 2085 million barrels per day (mbph). Abu Dhabi supreme petroleum council approved the national oil corporation with a five-year plan, which advised a further increase in production of 3.5 mbph by combining with economic reforms to boost the degree of efficiency. Analysis of Oil Price Impact on Economy: During the month of April, the purchase index represented a drop of two points for UAE from 54 points in the month of March to 52.8. Anything above the metric reading of 50 represents economic growth however, the expansion was in the areas of manufacturing and service sector but the oil industry was slowing (Al-Shayeb et al., 2016). The emirates production accounts for 3 million b/d of crude oil however, the government revenues is experiencing a continuous fall. The revenues from crude oil accounted for 41% of the GDP during the year 2013, which declined, to 29% of the GDP in the year 2015. It should be also noted that in the environment of low oil price the government spending has been raising from 30 percent of GDP during 2013 to 34 per cent of GDP in the year 2015. As a result, surplus of 10.4% of GDP during 2013 it has turned into the fiscal deficit of estimated 5.2% of the GDP during the year 2016. It is noteworthy to denote that high real GDP growth rate of more than 6 per cent in the last decade has started to decline because of lower oil revenues. A closely watched indicator of Dubai economic health highlighted the first economic contraction of its private sector ever since the recession of 2009, which defined the increasing, effect of low oil prices and global economic jitters in UAE (Elbadawi, Selim, 2016). The primary reason for the decline in the oil price is due to the uncertain international economic expansion, instability in the monetary markets and low oil prices have weigh on sentiments and activity. On the other hand, the tourism and retail trade has been strongly impacted by a strong growth in US dollars as reported in the index tracker, which slipped to 48.9. Identification of Fiscal Policy: The government of UAE implements an active expansionary monetary policy, which is directed towards the growth of the economy and generating, desired economic objectives under stable price. This expansionary fiscal policy also includes reducing employment with sustained economic growth as UAE is aiming to sell large number of bonds so that it can finance various economic strategies. With more amount of money in hand, UAE will move forward with the plan of increasing real GDP with increased government spending on things such as infrastructure and investment in the aviation market (Arrow Kruz, 2013). The strategy aligns with government fiscal policy so that it can attain the economic goals. It should be noted that goals remains the same with more severe and potentially more disastrous implications. Explanation of the Selected Fiscal Policy: The central undertakes an open market operations and purchases securities in an open market. Hence, purchase and sell of securities from public or mainly from the commercial bank may lead to increase in bank reserves or the quantity of money available in the public (Hansen, 2013). With higher amount of reserves, commercial bank can issue large volume of credit amongst the businessperson and investors for undertaking additional investment. Large number of private companys investment will lead the average demand curve to shift upward. Hence, purchase and sell of securities will lead to expansionary effect. Provincially, the central bank may reduce the rate of bank interest or the rate of interest charged by bank on the amount of loan given to commercial bank. With lower amount of bank rate, the commercial bank might be encouraged to have a loan from the central bank and will have the ability to issue more credit at reduced rate of interest to businessperson and investors. This will not lead to cheaper borrowing but may also expand the accessibility of credit or supply of money in the economy (Arrow Kruz, 2013). Thus, expansion of credit or supply of money will ultimately increase the demand for investment, ultimately leading to increase the aggregate output and income. Lastly, the central may also cut down the cash reserve ratio, which should be maintained by the commercial banks. In UAE, this is an efficient method of credit expansion with increased availability of money in the economy by the central bank (Fats Mihov, 2013). It is noteworthy to denote that lower requirements of reserves and huge sum of funds are released to offer loans to businessperson and shareholders. Consequently, credit expansion and investment grows in economy leading to expansionary effect on both output and employment. Explanation of the Selected Fiscal Policy in UAE: Implications: Economic growth: UAE emphasis on buying and selling of bonds as the government believes that acquiring the cash and issuing bonds to the buyers at a certain rate can turnaround the situation by investing the cash into the channel in which it sees fit. Whether it is an infrastructure or aviation the government looks to payback the debt as soon as the investment becomes profitable. The plan faces several contingencies and hindrances on the capability of the UAE government to take complete advantage of putting back the money to work in an efficient way. The results may undoubtedly lead to higher GDP with large amount of active hands on monetary policy (Blanchard Leigh, 2013). Whereas, a hands off monetary policy would require no amounts of debt be issued rather than having sufficient cash to invest before moving forward on any project regardless of the profit deemed available for investment. Low unemployment: Under a hands-off market economy, implementing fiscal policy to attain the desired result of changing the supply of money by dispersing large number of issued government bonds to derive higher output of GDP is poor money management move. In contrary to the idea, even if the government goal of increasing the households overall income the risk of mortgaging could lead to uncertain consequences that are far-reaching and generational. An endless amount of wealth is generated from oil supplies and using hands on theory UAE will able to sell government issued bonds by using cash to build roads and airports (DeLong Summers, 2012). Hence, putting its citizen to work would effectively help in keeping up the unemployment rate at low level and resulting in high GDP. Stable prices: It is a well-known fact that increasing the supply of money ultimately increases the overall price both in short run and in long run. It is unwise to think that monetary policy is lone contributor of inflation as there are several other factors that must be considered but none seems to have direct impact on monetary policy (Rapetti, 2013). The short-term gains from Hands-on-monetary policy would however help in reducing the inflation rate and bringing back price on stable rate. Conclusion: To conclude with the economy of UAE is projected to remain attractive amid the situation of recovering oil prices and growth in the activities of public and private sector enterprises. It is anticipated that the GDP of UAE is subjected to grow by 4 to 5 per cent in the coming years. The current economic assumptions is based on the UAEs existing market of oil exports which revolves around aggregate oil price of $37 in 2016 and is anticipated to be $50 by the end of 2017. The economic forecast is primarily depended upon UAE government response towards economic challenges associated with de-regularisation of fuel prices along with diversification of non-oil sectors. Reference List: Afonso, A., Sousa, R. M. (2012). The macroeconomic effects of fiscal policy.Applied Economics,44(34), 4439-4454. Al-Shayeb, A., Al-Shayeb, A., Hatemi-J, A., Hatemi-J, A. (2016). Trade openness and economic development in the UAE: an asymmetric approach.Journal of Economic Studies,43(4), 587-597. Arrow, K. J., Kruz, M. (2013).Public investment, the rate of return, and optimal fiscal policy(Vol. 1). Routledge. Arrow, K. J., Kruz, M. (2013).Public investment, the rate of return, and optimal fiscal policy(Vol. 1). Routledge. Auerbach, A.J. Gorodnichenko, Y., (2012). Measuring the output responses to fiscal policy.American Economic Journal: Economic Policy,4(2), pp.1-27. Banerjee, R., Majumdar, S. (2014, September). Profitability Determinants of Commercial Banks in UAE-A Sure Model Approach. InThird Asian Business Research Conference(p. 74). Blanchard, O. J., Leigh, D. (2013). Growth forecast errors and fiscal multipliers.The American Economic Review,103(3), 117-120. Blanchard, O., Dell'Ariccia, G., Mauro, P. (2013). Rethinking macroeconomic policy: Getting granular. DeLong, J. B., Summers, L. H. (2012). Fiscal policy in a depressed economy.Brookings Papers on Economic Activity,2012(1), 233-297. Elbadawi, I., Selim, H. (2016).Understanding and Avoiding the Oil Curse in Resource-rich Arab Economies. Cambridge University Press. Fats, A., Mihov, I. (2013). Policy volatility, institutions, and economic growth.Review of Economics and Statistics,95(2), 362-376. Flamos, A., Roupas, C. V., Psarras, J. (2013). GCC economies diversification: still a myth?.Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy,8(4), 360-368. Hansen, A.H., (2013).Fiscal policy business cycles. Routledge. Rapetti, M. (2013). Macroeconomic policy coordination in a competitive real exchange rate strategy for development.Journal of Globalization and Development,3(2), 1-31. Sarant, L. (2016). The Middle East: An end to oil dependency.Nature,537(7618), S6-S7. Sherif, S. (2013). Intra-Regional Trade, Evidence from the UAE: A Gravity Model Approach.International Journal of Economic Perspectives,7(3), 57-65. United Arab Emirates GDP Annual Growth Rate | 2000-2016 | Data | Chart. (2016).Tradingeconomics.com. Retrieved 6 December 2016, from https://www.tradingeconomics.com/united-arab-emirates/gdp-growth-annual United Arab Emirates GDP Growth Rate | 2000-2016 | Data | Chart | Calendar. (2016).Tradingeconomics.com. Retrieved 6 December 2016, from https://www.tradingeconomics.com/united-arab-emirates/gdp-growth Weale, M., Blake, A., Christodoulakis, N., Meade, J. E., Vines, D. (2015).Macroeconomic Policy: inflation, wealth and the exchange rate(Vol. 8). Routledge. Wright, R., Dong, M., Sun, L. (2015).Macroeconomic Policy and Household Economics(No. 15-3). Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.

Evaluation of PEP Essay Example

Evaluation of PEP Essay Overall I enjoyed completing the circuit training and was very pleased with the way in which the PEP developed all the different aspects of my fitness.  The chosen method of training and the specific exercises were relevant to the game of basketball and the level of intensity was suitable for me. The overload and progression worked well and definitely made me work hard. I now understand how to implement gradual changes to the intensity without risking injury and fatigue. I also have a better understanding of the need for adequate recovery time and the importance of a proper cool down period. Before following this PEP is used to only spend time warming up. The exercises were followed safely and the quick safety check of equipment was carried out each session.  The retest results how I have improved in all areas of fitness. I was particularly pleased with the vertical jump and flexibility results. These improvements have allowed me to be more effective in the matches I am playing and I am starting to make less mistakes in my passing skills. I also seem to be more effective when in a ruck situation. However I still feel I need to develop my upper body strength.  I found the evaluation of each session useful and will continue to do this in the future, not only for training but matches to make my goal setting more effective. We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluation of PEP specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluation of PEP specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluation of PEP specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The PEP helped my levels of motivation as I wanted to constantly strive for improvement as well as my levels of concentration. Because I was getting tired I found I had to focus on the technique and I have started to transfer this to the game situation which has helped my skill performance.  I will continue to incorporate circuit training into my overall programme and aim to gradually increase the work intensity, after reducing the recovery time between the circuits. The session, although demanding was actually much better than last week. I even managed to complete two circuits on the pull-up station without stopping. This may have been due to the fact I felt highly motivated as this was the last session and was very focused on completing the exercise if I could.  The warm-up and cool-down both went well and I really noticed a  difference in my flexibility over the course of the PEP.  Considerations for next session  Now I have actually trained properly and followed a structured training programme I think I will continue to do so. I have seen a difference in my fitness levels and enjoyed seeing the improvement.

Free Essays on Personality

â€Å"Personality† Psychology covers a vast field, and one interesting aspect of it is personality. Personality by itself involves various issues. Some of which basic aspects are Psychoanalytic, Biological, Ego, Humanistic and Interactionist which can be found in chapter fifteen. Though personality as a subject fascinates me a lot, because personality is the way people behave. I believe Behavior determines human personality and is very interesting. You can tell what one is by his behavior, and one behaves according to what place he has in society. Personality plays a big part in everyone’s live and everyone is different and I think that is also what makes personality so interesting. I know I have learned a lot about myself over the years even though I don’t think that my personality really has not changed much. I understand now why I act the way I do and sometimes I try work on the thinks I do not like about my personality. Like my attitude and I have very little patients. I have worked on my patients a lot and now I am starting slow down and take a breath and don’t get my â€Å"patties in a wad†. I also believe that everyone get some of there personality from there parents just because you have been around them for so long. I also think that personality can be described in many ways and it is in the eye of the beholder to choose his definition of personality. I really do enjoy this class and I think I have learned a lot about myself through this class because of the some many different personalities. Everyone in class thinks differently and I like the way we have discussions because it brings out people personalities and helps me to get to know what other people think about certain things. But I wish we could spend more time on all the topics we talk about be I know we do have lots of time.... Free Essays on Personality Free Essays on Personality â€Å"Personality† Psychology covers a vast field, and one interesting aspect of it is personality. Personality by itself involves various issues. Some of which basic aspects are Psychoanalytic, Biological, Ego, Humanistic and Interactionist which can be found in chapter fifteen. Though personality as a subject fascinates me a lot, because personality is the way people behave. I believe Behavior determines human personality and is very interesting. You can tell what one is by his behavior, and one behaves according to what place he has in society. Personality plays a big part in everyone’s live and everyone is different and I think that is also what makes personality so interesting. I know I have learned a lot about myself over the years even though I don’t think that my personality really has not changed much. I understand now why I act the way I do and sometimes I try work on the thinks I do not like about my personality. Like my attitude and I have very little patients. I have worked on my patients a lot and now I am starting slow down and take a breath and don’t get my â€Å"patties in a wad†. I also believe that everyone get some of there personality from there parents just because you have been around them for so long. I also think that personality can be described in many ways and it is in the eye of the beholder to choose his definition of personality. I really do enjoy this class and I think I have learned a lot about myself through this class because of the some many different personalities. Everyone in class thinks differently and I like the way we have discussions because it brings out people personalities and helps me to get to know what other people think about certain things. But I wish we could spend more time on all the topics we talk about be I know we do have lots of time.... Free Essays on Personality A Critical Analysis of A Midsummer Night's Dream By: Mandy Conway E-mail: sweetpea_250@yahoo.com Mandy Conway Mrs. Guynes English 12 16 March 2000 A Critical Analysis of â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream† William Shakespeare, born in 1594, is one of the greatest writers in literature. He dies in 1616 after completing many sonnets and plays. One of which is â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream.† They say that this play is the most purely romantic of Shakespeare’s comedies. The themes of the play are dreams and reality, love and magic. This extraordinary play is a play-with-in-a-play, which master writers only write successfully. Shakespeare proves here to be a master writer. Critics find it a task to explain the intricateness of the play, audiences find it very pleasing to read and watch. â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream† is a comedy combining elements of love, fairies, magic, and dreams. This play is a comedy about five couples who suffer through love’s strange games and the evil behind the devious tricks. This play begins as These us, the Duke, is preparing to marry Hippolyta. He woos her with his sword. Hermia is in love with Lysander. Egeus, Hermia’s father, forbids the relationship with Lysander and orders her to marry Demetrius. Demetrius loves Hermia, but she does not love him. On the other hand, Helena is in love with Demetrius. To settle the confusion, Theseus decides that Hermia must marry Demetrius or become a nun. In retaliation to her father’s command, Hermia and Lysander run away together. Amidst all the problems in the human world, Titania and Oberon, the fairy queen and king, continually argue about their various relationships that they have taken part in. (Scott 336) Titania leaves Oberon as a result of the arguments. Oberon is hurt and wants revenge on Titania. So he tells Puck, Oberon’s servant, to put a magic flower juice on her eyelids while she is sleeping. This potion causes the victim to desperately i...

The novel Passing by Stella Larsen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The novel Passing by Stella Larsen - Essay Example The fall of Clare is in haziness. The readers are forced t think about the major part played Irene in the fall of Clare Redfeild . Clare consciously accompanies Irene’s husband Brain in tea parties. During these outings Irene notices her ability with men. She has such a magnetic ability to charm and enthrall them with her beauty, pull them through her skilful speech. Irene is sure that Clare would go after anything that she desired with disregard to the feeling of others . â€Å"Why to get the thing I want badly enough, I would do anything, hurt anybody, throw anything away, I am not safe† p(81). The real Irene is one who wishes to enjoy the liberal life of Clare .But she now blames herself for hiding the fact of being Black. John Bellow is also unknown about her identity. But in the curse of the time Irene notices the influence of Clare even on her own husband. To Irene, security was the most important and desired thing in life .It was clear that Irene at a moment subconsciously wished for an end to Clare. When Clare confesses about the breaking of the china tea cup to Hugwentworth that it was a mindful effort, she reveals her mind. The white tea cup is really Clare herself who has the same white ancestors and live in the world through deception. Clearly the shattering of the tea cup with its white fragments is the shadows of the impending death of Clare

Soil strengthening of age-old-designed railway tracks Research Paper

Soil strengthening of age-old-designed railway tracks - Research Paper Example Superstructure consists of rails, fastening, and sleepers, and sub-structure consists of ballast, sub-ballast, and sub-grade. This research assignment studies the functions of substructure in track operation. Railroad substructure receives dynamic load from train movement and behaves according to the principles and laws of soil mechanics. Soil performance under loading in soil mechanics is governed by two characteristics: strength and deformation (STRATIGRAPHICS n.d.). Strength refers to the shear strength properties, and deformation refers to settlement. The proper functioning of substructure is characterized by the bearing capacity which implies that shear stresses caused by the cyclic loading has to be lower than the soil’s undrained shear strength value, and at the same time settlement will not develop plastic behavior in the soil. After a number of years of operation, instability of both super and sub structures is caused by the shear failure and plastic settlement of sub -grade. There are many factors that may contribute to the loss of soil-strength. Among them, poor drainage, and trapped water in ballast pockets play significant roles. According to Harry Cedergreen, drainage represents a significant issue for railroad construction and maintenance; stability and low maintenance cost can only exist when adequate drainage is provided (Cedergren 1989, p. 364). Sub-grade failure in railroad jargon is called â€Å"soft track† (Australian Rail Track Corporation a 2001). Soft track includes ballast failure, top formation failure, shallow sub-grade failure, embankment failure, and landslide failure. Water is one of the several contributors that cause these failures. The scope of this assignment is to study methods... The response to the cyclic loading of rail track is an interaction of superstructure and substructure. Ballast, sub-ballast, and sub-grade relates to substructure. Decades of operation bring structural changes of substructures. The sub-grades of the old existing rail tracks require rehabilitation to satisfy proper functioning and meet current technical operational standards. The scope of this assignment is to find the rehabilitation approach for the existing tracks of Australia. The solution must account that improvement of substructure by dismantling the railways is not an option due to the transport collapse, which is accompanied by financial losses. Rehabilitation of the existing railway is not a sheer issue that relates to Australia only; it is also a significant issue for the European countries, Canada, and USA. CSX Rail Line in Milstead, Alabama, USA faced excessive ballast settlement and soil pumping problems due to the poor sub-grade conditions. Moreover, Tallapoosa River run s parallel to the rail line. The rehabilitation of the track included raising the track, undercutting and removing the existing ballast, and use of filter fabric over the exposed sub-ballast, which was followed by a layer of Geogrid

Secure Computer System - Case Studies Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Secure Computer System - Studies - Case Study Example Fire detection is very crucial therefore fire detection appliances should detect the smallest indication of fire through sparks and temperature rise. Fire suppression equipment need to be installed and should suppress the fire without damaging the server equipment. Water sprinklers are the most common fire suppression equipment. It would be better to consider other options like the use of carbon dioxide fire extinguishers (Nash, 1997, pg 23). Heating, ventilating and air conditioning as well as climate control equipment should be kept separate from the rest of the room to avoid damaging the network equipment. I would not place the ventilation equipment overhead because it would risk the server. The switch for the equipment would be placed inside the room to prevent accidental switching. Proper power at the right quality should be regulated through the use of power protection equipment. By use of reliable power supply and surge protection equipment, the power will be kept at the desired quality. Power should be safe and reliable and should not fluctuate often. The space for the equipment should be adequate enough to allow for future expansion. ... Considerations for installing additional components and intrusion detection and prevention system should be taken into consideration (Shirley, 2008, pg 34). Case Study Pg.432 Case exercise Question 1 page 432 Based on the case study, what security awareness and training posters had an impact in this incident. Pg.432 Question 1 In Amy's incident, the following security awareness posters and training documents may have contributed to it; posters requiring the immediate reporting of security problems, posters and documents requiring the practice of healthy computer security. Information and security tips on posters and documents. Company security policy documents also contributed to this incident. The following topics may also have contributed to the incident, these are; Password usage and management; this includes creation of passwords, frequency of changing the password and methods used in protection. Security training plays a pivotal and important role in preventing attacks on computer system by viruses, worms, Trojan horses, and other malicious code (Richardson, 2005, pg 2). More information that is needed in order to enhance information security is the creation of a policy poster indicating; implications of noncompliance to information security implications of receiving unknown e-mail/attachments implications of people browsing certain prohibited websites during working hours those allowed to use the web services and those who are prohibited and also stipulating penalties for those found breaching these rules and regulations Data storage and backup; data storage systems maybe centralized or decentralized. This information is placed on not only posters but also on, newsletters,